How to Repair Windows 11 [15 Ways]

What to know

Repair issues with Windows components using Windows Troubleshooter (in Settings). Reinstalling recent updates or restoring to an older system point can also fix issues.
SFC and DISM command prompt tools can fix problems related to system images and files.
Issues involving startup can be repaired using Startup Repair from the Windows recovery screen. Alternatively, you can repair a damaged Windows copy using the Win 11 installer ISO or bootable USB.
Driver issues are primarily fixed using the Device Manager tool. Scan the drivers for conflicting or outdated drivers, Uninstall problematic drivers and let Windows reinstall automatically.
When all else fails, boot into safe mode to isolate issues or reset your PC.

Operating systems are the lifeline of any PC as, without them, it would become impossible to send emails, watch cat videos, or chat with our friends. But every once in a while, every operating system comes across problems like slow bootups, app crashes, glitchy display, wonky sound, and whatnot.

If you feel that your copy of Windows 11 has also been behaving oddly lately, we think it’s time to take matters into your own hands and repair Windows 11.

Now before you rush to the nearest PC repair tech, let’s take a look at the many methods available at your disposal that can help you repair a corrupted installation of Windows 11.

Method 1: Use a Windows Troubleshooter

Windows troubleshooters have come a long way and they can now fix most of your issues with a simple click. Most troubleshooting commands and checks that were normally carried out via CMD and PowerShell are now bundled within Troubleshooters which makes them much more usable when encountering issues. If you are still unable to fix and repair your Windows 11 installation, then the troubleshooter might be worth a shot. Use the guide below to get you started.

Press Windows + i on your keyboard to open the Settings app. Ensure ‘System’ is selected on your left and then click on ‘Troubleshoot’ on your right.
Click on ‘Other Troubleshooters’.
Now find the concerned troubleshooter for your current issue depending on the issue you are having with your installation. Click on ‘Run’ beside the troubleshooter.
The troubleshooter will now do its thing and fix any issues it finds with the concerned component or feature.

Method 2: Uninstall and re-install all recent Windows updates

If you are facing random crashes, slow performance, jitters, or bugs out of the blue after a recent Windows update then you can try uninstalling recent updates to solve your issue. These updates should be reverted with a system restore using the guide at the top but in case you don’t have a restore point then you can use the guide below to manually uninstall Windows Updates from your Windows 11 system.

Press Windows + i on your keyboard to open the Settings app. Now click on Windows Update on your left.
Click on ‘Update History’.
Scroll to the bottom and click on ‘Uninstall Updates’.
You will now be taken to the control panel where you will get a list of all the recent major updates installed on your system. You won’t get security updates listed in this list as they can not be uninstalled for security reasons. Click and select the update you wish to uninstall.
Now click on ‘Uninstall’ at the top.

Note: If you do not get the Uninstall option then it is likely because you are trying to uninstall a vital Windows component that would break the functionality of your current installation.
Click on ‘Yes’ to confirm your choice.

The selected update will now be uninstalled from your system. We recommend you restart your system and check if the issue that you were facing has been fixed. If not, continue uninstalling Windows Updates until you find the culprit.

Method 3: Restoring to an older System Restore Point

Note: This method assumes that you have a functional copy of Windows 11 that you can boot into.

You can think of System Restore Points as pathways to restore your system to an earlier state of Windows (when the Restore Point was created) along with the apps and settings that your PC had back then.

Windows 11 automatically creates system restore points at regular intervals. If you want to, you can also create restore points.

They’re also created when a new application or a Windows update is installed.

Here’s how you can try to repair Windows 11 using restore points.

Open the ‘Start’ menu and type in “Create a restore point”. Then click on the option shown below.
A popup menu should now be open with the title ‘System Properties’ and you should be able to see System Restore related options as shown below.

If your popup menu looks identical to ours with ‘Protection’ turned off for all your drives, we have bad news for you. Due to the lack of previous system restore points, there’s no point in proceeding further with this method as there isn’t any restore point to roll back to.

At this point, we recommend trying out the next method.

Note: If you’re reading this just to see how things work, we suggest you turn on protection for your system drive (highlighted below), the one that contains Windows 11, and create a restore point right now.

Here’s how you can do it.

Select the drive labeled ‘System’ and click on ‘Configure’.
Then click on ‘Turn on System Protection’ button, and allocate some space for system restore points by moving the slider below. We have allocated a mere 4% of our system drive, which is close to 4.5GB.
Should the restore points increase in number or size, older ones would be automatically deleted to make room for new ones.
Click on ‘Apply’ and then ‘OK’.
The drive you selected earlier should now have ‘Protection’ turned on, and you should now be able to create system restore points.
While you’re on the same popup menu, click on the ‘Create’ button to create your PC’s first ever System Restore Point.
There should now be a popup asking for your restore point’s name, feel free to type in anything you want. For your convenience, your PC’s current system time and data are automatically added to make this restore point distinguishable from others. For now, we’re typing “Fresh Install” as we recently re-installed Windows 11.
Once done, click on ‘Create’.
After a short while, your restore point should be ready. You should now be able to check it by clicking the ‘System Restore’ button.
Click on Next.
And your newly created system restore point should be here.

Selecting the restore point and clicking the (then enabled) ‘Next’ button should take you through restoring your PC to the moment the restore point was created.

Method 4: Using SFC command prompt tool

System File Checker (SFC) and Deployment Image Servicing and Management (DISM) are two command-line tools that are more commonly used by the IT techs in corporations to service Windows machines.

If this is the first time you’ve heard about these tools, then there’s nothing to worry about, as these are generally considered power tools and not a lot of people know about them.

Let’s start with SFC first and see how you can repair Windows 11.

SFC can be used to scan and verify protected files (Windows Files). If it finds that a file has been damaged and cannot be verified, it attempts to restore a fresh copy from the below folder in your PC.

C:\Windows

Here’s how you can give this option a try.

Click the ‘Start’ button, type in “command prompt”, and make sure to run the app as Administrator, as highlighted below.
Once in Command Prompt, type in the following command or simply copy and paste it. Then hit ‘Enter’: sfc /scannow
The above command starts a scan instantly, which roughly takes a few minutes for a complete check.
If the scan finds that all your files are in good shape, it’ll be shown as below.

But if there are some damaged Windows files on your PC, SFC should be able to fix them with a fresh copy.

Method 5: Using DISM command prompt tool

DISM is another command-line tool that is far more powerful than SFC. It can work with multiple types of Windows 11 images in both .wim and .esd formats, manage drivers before deploying images to PCs and so much more.

Let’s take a look at how you can use DISM to repair Windows 11.

Open Command Prompt as Administrator using the steps we just mentioned for SFC.
Then paste the below command to scan your Windows 11 installation for errors and press Enter: Dism /Online /Cleanup-Image /ScanHealth
You should see something like this.
Once finished, the tool should report its findings. Here’s how our screen looks like.
Then run this command to see if any issues were detected and how repairable your problem is: Dism /Online /Cleanup-Image /CheckHealth
As our PC was working fine, the above command reported zero issues. Yours may be different.
If DISM reported issues with your PC, the next command you should run is mentioned below. Paste it and hit ‘Enter’: DISM /Online /Cleanup-Image /RestoreHealth
The above command will request valid copies of corrupted files from Windows Update. Here’s how the command looks in action
And here’s how it looks once it’s done processing.
All you need to do is reboot your PC.

If you consider yourself someone who understands command-line tools and their parameters, and would like to know more about SFC and DISM along with the range of parameters that can be used with them, here’s the complete documentation about SFC, and here’s the complete reference for DISM. Feast on the information!

Tip: If your Windows 11 processes crash often, restart a few seconds later and show an alert with a bunch of numbers and alphabets (aka error codes), we highly recommend putting them in a search engine like Google and understanding what they mean. This method of troubleshooting is extremely effective against specific errors and problems, and can often prove to be a lifesaver.

Method 6: Using Windows 11 Startup Repair

Windows 11 comes equipped with a built-in startup repair tool that is designed to detect and repair common startup problems you may be facing. Let’s take a look at how you can use Startup Repair to fix Windows 11.

Open the ‘Start’ menu and click on the ‘Power’ button.
Hold the ‘Shift’ Key and click on ‘Restart’.
Your PC should boot into a blue screen with a bunch of options. Click on ‘Troubleshoot’.
Click on ‘Advanced Options’.
Click on ‘Startup Repair’.
Soon after, Windows should now be scanning and diagnosing your PC for any issues that may be preventing it from functioning properly. Let it work its magic and after some time, your copy of Windows 11 should be free of all the problems.

Tip: If ‘Startup Repair’ fails and you see the screen shown below, there could be two possible reasons for this. Either Windows 11 failed to identify the issues or there is simply no issue with your PC.

At this point, you could try to follow method 3’s option 2 to initiate a repair of Windows 11. You could also try to reinstall Windows 11 by using the “Upgrade” option in Windows 11 setup, instead of going for a clean install and wiping your drive.

This install method should reinstall Windows 11 while keeping all your files, apps, and settings.

Method 7: Using Windows 11 installer ISO file

Did you know that the files you used to install Windows 11, could also be used to repair a damaged copy of Windows 11?

Not a lot of people know this but it can easily be done and doesn’t take too long at all.

To make this method work, you need access to Windows 11 installation files (ISO) or the installer USB drive you may have used earlier to install Windows 11.

Option 1: Using the setup file from the Windows 11 ISO

See if you have the Windows 11 ISO stored somewhere on your PC. If you do, perfect! No need to download anything.

In case you don’t have the Windows 11 ISO around, we suggest you follow this guide to download the latest available ISO.

Before proceeding, make sure you can boot into Windows 11 and access the ISO. If you can, let’s move to the next step.

Locate the Windows 11 ISO and double-click it.
The ISO should now be mounted on a virtual disk drive on your Windows 11 PC and should look similar to this
Double-click the virtual drive. Once inside, there should be a file named ‘setup’, double-click it.

Tip: Alternatively, you can also extract the ISO somewhere on your pc, which of course would take a bit of time but should give you the same result.
Wait for the Windows 11 setup to start. Once done, you should see a screen similar to below. Click on ‘Next’.
Accept the Terms & Conditions.
Choose the option that best suits you here and click ‘Next’. We would like to keep our files, hence we’ve chosen ‘Keep personal files and apps’.
Click on ‘Install’ to start the installation.
After a few seconds, setup should start preparing your PC for an in-place upgrade, which will repair and refresh all the files needed to run Windows 11 on your PC.

Your PC may reboot a few times to complete the repair. Once setup has finished, your copy of Windows 11 should be completely repaired and ready to use.

Option 2: Using a bootable USB drive

If for some reason, your PC fails to boot into Windows 11 or simply reboots repeatedly due to a corrupt Windows file, then this option will be perfect for you.

Before we start, see if you still have the Windows 11 USB install stick you may have used to install Windows 11 on your PC. If you do, then there’s nothing to worry about.

In case you don’t, here’s how you can create a Windows 11 USB installer within a couple of minutes. Do keep in mind that it requires another functional PC with internet to download Rufus and Windows 11 ISO. Simply connect the USB drive to your PC and restart your system. Press any key on your keyboard when prompted to boot from the recovery media and subsequently proceed to repair Windows with the on-screen instructions. You will have the option to reinstall Windows, fix missing files, fix boot order or even use CMD to perform your own checks. If you need any help, then you can this guide to reset Windows from within your recovery media setup and more.

Check this guide: How To Install Windows 11 From USB

Method 8: Repair or Fix Drivers

Many times you can face issues with your Windows installation due to incompatible, outdated, or conflicting drivers installed on your system. Drivers are essential programs that allow your components to communicate with your CPU and GPU for the proper functioning of your system. Having incompatible or conflicting drivers can cause issues with Windows and even take a significant impact on your performance. If some of your components seem to be misbehaving or you feel that your system is drastically slower than expected then it would be a good idea to check your drivers and perform any repairs if needed.

1. Check for conflicting or outdated drivers

Let’s check for conflicting or outdated drivers on your system. Windows automatically shows you a warning sign for misbehaving components or outdated drivers in Device Manager. Use the guide below to look for driver issues on your installation of Windows 11.

Press Windows + X on your keyboard and click on Device Manager.
Look for components in the list with a warning side beside them. If any are found, use the methods below to troubleshoot driver issues on your system. However, if none are found then let’s check for new components on your system to identify misbehaving components.
Click on the ‘Scan for hardware changes’ button at the top of your screen.
Windows will now scan for hardware changes and install any new components or drivers found on your PC.

2. Fix driver issues

If you wish to fix driver issues on your system then you will need to reinstall drivers for the concerned component on your system. This can be done through Windows and manually as well. We recommend manually force removing drivers only if you are unable to remove the driver through Device Manager in Windows. Force removing the wrong drivers can cause serious issues on your system and even force you to reinstall Windows altogether. Hence, ensure that you identify and properly force remove drivers from your system only for the malfunctioning component. Use one of the guides below depending on your current needs and requirements.

Note: If you are using a laptop or a pre-built system then we recommend you download specific drivers for the concerned component from your OEM support side beforehand. This will allow you to install the necessary drivers easily once you have removed the malfunctioning driver.

Read: 6 Ways to Update Drivers on Windows 11

Option 1: Remove and reinstall a component through Device Manager

Press Windows + X on your keyboard and click on ‘Device Manager’.
Right-click on the component for which you wish to remove the driver and select Properties.
Now click and switch to the Driver tab at the top.
Click on ‘Uninstall device’.
Check the box for ‘Attempt to remove the driver for this device’.
Finally, click on ‘Uninstall’.

The device driver will now be removed and the device will be uninstalled from your system. You will now be prompted to restart your device. Restart your device as soon as possible and then reinstall the concerned drivers from your OEM’s support site. If you do not have the concerned drivers on your OEM site, then simply scan for hardware changes using the guide above and the necessary drivers will be automatically installed on your system.

Option 2: Manually force remove a driver and reinstall it

You can also manually force remove a driver using a third-party utility. This is not recommended as if Windows is not allowing you to remove a driver then it is probably an essential component that could cause issues on your system. We recommend you properly identify the concerned drivers before removing them from your system. Additionally, you should keep the latest replacement drivers handy so that you can reinstall them as soon as possible. Use the guide below to manually force delete concerned drivers from your system.

Driver Store Explorer | Download Link

We will be using Driver Store Explorer to manually force remove the concerned drivers from your system. Driver Store Explorer is an open-source utility used to identify and remove all the drivers installed on your system. It is hosted on GitHub and can be compiled natively too in case privacy is a concern.

Download Driver Store Explorer to your local storage using the link above. Extract the archive to a convenient location and then launch the app using Rapr.exe.
The app will now launch and scan all the drivers installed on your system. Once the list shows up, you can sort it based on the various columns available to you. We recommend you sort your drivers by ‘Provider’ as this will make it easier for you to search the concerned driver based on the manufacturer.
Click on Provider at the top to arrange all the drivers ascendingly based on their provider’s name.
Scroll the list and identify the concerned driver. Once found check the box beside it.
You can now also click on ‘Select old drivers’ on your right to automatically identify and select other old drivers installed on your system. However, we wouldn’t recommend this on pre-built systems and laptops that can sometimes get faulty driver updates in the future as the device gets older which degrade overall performance in return.
Check the box for ‘Force Deletion’ on your right.
Finally, click on ‘Delete Driver(s)’. This will force delete all the selected drivers from your system. We highly recommend you restart your system after this and install the new updated drivers you downloaded as soon as possible.

If faulty drivers were the cause of your issues with Windows 11, then a manual reinstall should help fix this in most cases.

Method 9: Resetting your PC

Like Windows 10, Windows 11 also comes with a nifty feature called ‘Reset this PC’. This can be a lifesaver if you need to clean your PC and start over with Windows 11. Once initiated, the process will roll back Windows 11 to its factory settings.

Here’s how you can proceed with it.

Open the ‘Start’ menu and type in “reset this pc”. You should get a result similar to what’s shown below. Click on ‘Reset this PC’.
You should now be in your PC’s Recovery section within the Settings app. To proceed with the reset, simply click on the ‘Reset PC’ button.
The next screen should ask you if you’d like to keep your files or remove them entirely. Pick the appropriate option to start resetting your Windows 11.

Your selection should be followed by a reboot or two and in a few minutes, your PC should boot into a refreshed Windows 11.

Method 10: Fix boot issues with Windows 11

If you are having boot issues with Windows 11 then we can use bootrec.exe tool to fix most boot issues. Use the guide below to run bootrec.exe on your system. You will need to boot into Windows Recovery and then use CMD to execute these commands though. Use one of the methods above to boot into recovery mode in Windows via Settings or a recovery media and then use the guide below to execute bootrec commands and fix boot issues with Windows 11.

When at the recovery screen press Shift + F10 to bring up the CMD at any point during the recovery process.
Type in the following command to run bootrec.exe and press Enter on your keyboard to execute it: bootrec.exe
Enter the following command first and press Enter on your keyboard to execute it: Bootrec /fixmbr
Now enter the one below and execute it: Bootrec /fixboot
Finally, enter the command below to rebuild your boot device order: Bootrec /rebuildbcd
And that’s it! We recommend you restart your system for good measure or exit the recovery screen and try booting into Windows again. If you were facing boot issues, then this will have most likely fixed the issue for you.

Method 11: Fix Start menu issues

If you have been facing start menu issues within Windows 11 then there are many fixes that you can try. The new start menu seems to be a hit or miss with users and many have tried to customize it in their own way. This has been known to break start menu functionality with recent updates and if you are facing issues after a recent update then this is likely the cause for you as well.

You can use this comprehensive guide by us to fix all kinds of Start menu issues on your Windows 11 system. You will even find ways to restore the older start menu and new ways to get the start menu back up and running on your system in no time.

Method 12: Fix random app crashes

Random app crashes have been a known issue since Windows 11 was first announced and the first insider build hit the shelves. This is mainly due to some core changes to Windows that now break functionality for previously compatible programs with Windows 10. This might be heartbreaking for many users that are unable to get their favorite programs and apps back up and running within Windows 11. There are a couple of things you can do to fix this issue and the most prominent ones have been covered by us in this comprehensive guide. If you are facing random app crashes then this will most likely help you solve the majority of crashes on your system.

Read: How To Fix Software Crashing on Windows 11 Dev Build

Method 13: Fix corrupt registry

Registry changes, incorrect values, and deleted or missing registry entries can also cause a lot of issues with your system. Chances are that if you modified your registry with a registry hack or used a third-party tool to clean your registry then the values were messed up during this process.

Due to the core changes in Windows 11, the registry values, locations, and entries are different from the ones on Windows 10. Additionally, the ones that were okay to be deleted earlier might be vital to the functioning of Windows in the latest version.

Hence using a compatible cleaner or repair tool for the registry can remove vital values that could cause issues with your system. You can use the guide below to try and fix the registry on your Windows 11 installation. But as the OS is fairly new, this might not work for you and in case it doesn’t you will have to reset your Windows to restore your registry values to their default entries.

CCleaner | Download Link

By this point, the registry should have been fixed on your system as you will have already run SFC and DISM scans on your system (as given above). However if your registry still seems to be corrupted, then you can use a third-party app to fix it.

We recommend you use CCleaner’s free utility which can be downloaded using the link above. Once downloaded, run the .exe file and install CCleaner on your system. Then launch the app and follow the on-screen instructions to fix your registry.

We recommend you do not clean your registry or temporary files using CCleaner until it has been officially updated to support Windows 11. As for fixing the registry, the app did not produce any issues on our end despite multiple tries so you should be safe to fix your registry using CCleaner.

Method 14: Fix lack of storage space

If you seem to be missing storage space to random files on your system and are unable to identify large files on your system then it is likely that temporary files have started to take a toll on your local storage. Windows 11 is designed to clear most temporary files by default but this can option can sometimes bug out which can cause a large number of temporary files to accumulate on your system.

You can use our guide to delete the temporary files from your system. Once deleted, you should be able to gain back some significant storage space especially after clearing previous Windows installation files and downloaded Windows Updates.

Method 15: Boot into safe mode to identify third party culprits

Lastly, it could also be that your issue is being caused by a third-party app. As Windows 11 is fairly new and most recent updates to popular apps are using compatibility layers to work, it is likely that you are facing a bug with a third-party app. Third-party apps can create huge conflicts and issues in the background depending on what they do and it can end up being quite tough to identify the culprit.

Thankfully, Windows comes with a safe mode to troubleshoot exactly this problem. Safe mode helps disable all third-party apps, services, and tasks in the background. You can then verify the functioning of Windows in safe mode and start removing the suspected culprits one by one.

Once you find the culprit, you can restore your previously removed apps and continue using the OS until a fix is released by the concerned developer.

Unfortunately, this is a tedious process and there is no way around it, but if a third-party app is causing issues on your system, safe mode can help you identify and remove the culprit easily. You can use this guide to help you navigate and activate safe mode in Windows 11.

You can also use this trick to directly restart your system in the advanced recovery options state. Click on the ‘Start’ menu icon in your taskbar.

Now click on the ‘Power’ icon.

Hold down the ‘Shift’ key on your keyboard and then click on ‘Restart’.

Your Windows 11 PC will now automatically reboot into the Advanced recovery options.

Click on ‘Troubleshoot’ to get started. Now, click Advanced options > See more recovery options > Startup Settings > Restart.

You will now get a list of all the ways your computer can start up with elevated settings or restricted services. You will have the following options for Safe modes.

F4: Enable Safe mode
F5: Enable Safe mode with networking
F6: Enable Safe mode with command prompt

Press the desired key on your keyboard and your system will automatically restart in the desired Safe mode.

Well, these are all the proven methods that you can try to repair corrupted Windows 11. Some of these methods are fairly easy to use, while some may seem advanced for an average joe.

If you ever feel stuck at any point while following our methods, drop us a comment and we’d be happy to sort out the confusion.

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